对虾养殖池塘底质修复技术对原生动物群落结构的影响

The effect of sediment restoration on the protozoan community in shrimp culture ponds

在对虾养殖池塘水体中共检测到原生动物86种,其中纤毛虫48种;鞭毛虫25种,肉足虫13种。原生动物优势种主要由一些运动能力相对较弱或固着生长的种类组成,如褐砂壳虫(Difflugia avellana)、瓜形膜袋虫(Cyclidium citrullus)、透明鞘居虫(Vaginicola crystalline)、多态喇叭虫(Stentor polymorphrus)和钟虫(Vorticella sp.)等,这些原生动物有以腐质和藻类为食、耐污性较强的特点。结果表明:在养殖初期,使用底质修复技术的试验池塘原生动物群落结构恢复比对照塘快,PFU群集的原生动物种类数和密度比对照塘多,水质比对照塘好,嗜污性相对较强的一些纤毛虫如尾草履虫(Paramecium caudaium)、拟瘦尾虫(Paruroleptus spp.)等比对照塘出现晚。在随后的养殖过程中,使用底质修复技术的试验塘原生动物群落结构比对照塘稳定,原生动物种类数和密度起伏小,pH值、透明度变化幅度也小于对照池塘,没有发生病害,水质较对照塘好。

In shrimp culture ponds, a total of 86 species of protozoa were observed, which included 48 species of ciliates, 25 species ofmastigophorans and 13 species of amoebas. The protozoa communitiy was dominated by species which move slow and feed on bacteria, detrius, and algae, such as Difflugia avellana, Cyclidium citrullus, Vaginicola crystalline, Stentor polymorphrus and Vorticella sp. The protozoa colonized procedure dynamics characteristics indicated that, compared to two control ponds, the protozoan community in sediment-restored ponds resumed growth quicker; The protozoan species number colonized on the PFU was larger, the density was higher; some ciliates which in favor of entrophic water such as Paramecium caudaium, Paruroleptus spp. appeared later. During the cultivation, compared to the control ponds, the protozoan community in experimental ponds was more steady, the protozoan species number and density had lesser variation, pH and water transparency fluctuated littler, and the water quality was better.