稻鸭共作技术的生物防治效应

Effects of biological control of pests and diseases of rice by raising ducks in the paddy fields

稻鸭共作是一项种养复合的、环境友好型的农业综合生产技术,起源于我国传统的稻田养鸭。鸭子与水稻共育于稻田中,二者存在共生互利关系,鸭子对稻田有害生物具有一定控制作用。文章综述了国内近年来利用稻鸭共作技术防治稻田病虫草害以及对稻田天敌的影响研究进展。从已有的研究中可以看出,稻鸭共作对草害和主要虫害有较好的控制效果,可在全生育期取代相应化学药剂的使用,对某些水稻病害具有一定的防治效果,对天敌种群也会产生一定的影响。但在鸭子对病虫草害防治的确切效应及其内在过程与机理方面,尚有待开展深入探究。

The integrated rice and duck farming system, as a comprehensive environmental-friendly planting-breeding technique, is developed from Chinese traditional farming-raising ducks in paddy fields. There exists a mutualism relationship between rice and duck when they grow together in paddy fields. Ducks can take controls on some harmful organisms in the fields. This paper reviewed the effects of rice-duck farming system on rice diseases, pests, weeds and beneficial insects. Based on the study in China, the results showed that the integrated rice-duck farming system can effectively control most weeds, some species of insect pests, and several kinds of diseases of rice. However, it can also take some effects on population of beneficial insects in paddy fields. It also suggested that further studies on the effects and mechanics of raising ducks to control the pests, diseases, weeds and beneficial insects are needed.