不同技术措施对降水利用和土壤养分的影响

Effect of Different Technological Measures on Utilization of Precipitation and Soil Nutrients

研究了豫西丘陵旱作区不同技术措施对降水利用的影响,结果表明,不同技术措施对玉米生育性状、子粒产量、土壤含水量和降水利用具有积极作用.其中,玉米产量增产1.92%～20.51%,以秸秆覆盖+营养型抗旱保水剂处理增产效果最显著,增产15.38%～20.51%;其次为营养型抗旱保水剂处理,增产11.53%～14.10%.降水利用效率分别提高0.45～3.60kg/(mm·hm2),其中,以秸秆覆盖+营养型抗旱保水剂处理最好,提高2.70～3.60kg/(mm·hm2);说明合理的技术集成是提高降水利用的有效途径之一.化学节水技术以营养型抗旱保水剂处理效果最好.同时,合理的秸秆覆盖可以提高土壤耕层的氮、磷、钾和有机质含量,否则将导致有效钾和有机质含量的降低.

The effect of different technological measures on the utilization of precipitation was studied in dryland in the west of Henan Province in this article. The results showed it played an active role in development and growth, yield, soil moisture and precipitation utilization of corn by different technological measures. The yield of corn were improved 1.92% to 20.51%, the best ones were the treatments of straw mulch and nutrient water-retaining agent combination, which increased 15.38 % to 20.51%, the second ones were the treatments of nutrient water-retaining agent, that augmented 11.53% to 14.10% .The efficiency of precipitation utilization was improved 0.45 kg/（mm·ha） to 3.60 kg/（mm·ha） respectively; the best ones were also the treatments of straw mulch and nutrient water-retaining agent combination, which augmented 2.70 kg/（mm·ha） to 3.60 kg/（mm·ha）. All of that tested the comprehensive technology is the affective way to improve precipitation utilization. The effect of nutrient water-retaining agent treatments was the best ones among of the treatments of water-saving agents. At the same time, the content of nitrate, available phosphorous and potassium, and organic matter of soil under reasonable straw mulch covering and cultivation, otherwise it would be decreased the content of available potassium and organic matter.