美国黑核桃实生苗生态生理过程对环境因素响应的数值模拟(Ⅱ):气象要素日变化进程的数理模型

Mathematically Modeling of Ecophysiological Process Response to Environmental Factors for American Black Walnut Seedlings (Ⅱ): Modeling Mathematically Diurnal Patterns of Meteorological Factors (Air Temperature, Radiation and Relative Humidity)

在建立植物生态生理模型(如光合作用、蒸腾作用数理模型)的过程中,气温、太 阳辐射、相对湿度等气象要素的日变化及瞬时资料是必不可少的．本文根据常规台站的日常观测 资料,建立了气温、太阳辐射、风速、相对湿度等气象要素日变化的数理模型．并应用实测资料 对所建模型进行了验证．实践表明:(1)描述气温日变化的正弦-指数模型通常其模拟结果不甚 理想,但通过引用最高温度的时间延迟参数及惯性系数,可增加模拟结果的准确性． (2)根据测 量的太阳辐射日总量值以及太阳高度的日变化值等,可准确地模拟太阳辐射的日变化;(3)根据 实际水汽压的日均值和气温常规资料可准确模拟相对湿度的日变化．如果区域参数已知或被正确 估计,上述方法可得到较为理想的气象要素日变化的模拟结果．

When plant processes such as photosynthesis and transpiration are simulated, meteorological data （air temperature, solar radiation and relative humidity） on diurnal patterns are necessary. Methods were developed for the calculation of diurnal patterns of air temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and relative humidity on basis of normally measured data in weather stations, and the models were validated with the measured data. The results showed that： （1） a simple sine-exponential method for describing diurnal patterns of air temperature is not sufficient in most cases, and the addition of parameters which specify the time lag of maximum temperature and the effect of buoyancy can improve simulated data accuracy; （2） an accurate description of the diurnal solar radiation is obtained, based on the measured daily total solar radiation; （3） relative humidity is calculated from the dew point temperature and actual air temperature. For getting better simulated meteorological data of diurnal patterns, the site-specific parameters should be fixed or estimated accurately.