山东省德州市农业可持续发展的途径与模式

Model and Approach of Agricultural Sustainable Development in Dezhou Area of Shandong Province

德州处于华北平原腹地,区位优势明显。境内有岗、坡、洼等多种地貌类型,旱涝盐碱为主要制约因素;农村经济发展属中上水平,种植业由粮—经二元结构向粮—经—饲三元结构转变;以玉米为基础、畜牧业为主体的农牧一体化模式,种养加与农工商联合经营的产业化道路;非农人口增长与农村剩余劳动力不断向城市求职和定居推进城镇化建设;不断调整农业结构,改善生态环境,促进农业可持续发展。因此,研究德州农业与农村的可持续发展,在黄淮海平原具有重要的典型和现实意义。特别是素有“小华北平原”之称的禹城,开辟了一个以科学为动力,旱涝碱综合治理为基础,农工商一体化为主要内容的农业可持续发展模式。

Located at the hinterland of North China Plain, Dezhou takes great advantage of the area. There are variety landforms of low hillocks. low sloping fields and low-lying lands and the natural hazards of drought, flood waterlogging and salinization -alkalization are the main factors restricting the development of this area. The level of development of rural economics in this area is classified as medium or higher. The structure of the planting industry in the area converts from the duality of “food crop- economics crop” to the triplieity of “food crop - economics crop-forage crop”. Based on corn crop planting the development model in this area is agriculture ＆ livestock husbandry integration. The direction of industry development is the union industry of planting- feeding-machining proeess and the industry of agricuhure-fabrication-commerce. The eonstruetion of cities and towns from rural area is motivated by the combination of the increase of non-agrieuhural population and the continuous relocation and re-occupation of rural surplus labor from rural area to the cities and towns. The Dezhou area has been continuously adjusting the agTicuhure structure, improving the environment and stimulating the agricultural sustainable development. In conclusion, the study on the sustainable development of agricuhure and village area in Dezhou is extremely important and representative to the development in the North China Plain. Especially Yu Cheng, famous for “Small North China Plain”, has created a agricultural sustainable development model motivated by science. based on comprehensive tackling of drought, waterlogging, salt and alkali, and focused on agribusiness.