基于传染的角度认识和防范技术性贸易壁垒

Understanding and Preventing Technical Barriers to Trade from the Angle of Contagion

技术性贸易壁垒的传染是指一种技术性贸易壁垒的出现导致更多种和更大范围内技术性贸易壁垒的出现,具体表现为从对一种产品设置技术性贸易壁垒到对多种产品设置、从一个国家设置技术性贸易壁垒到多个国家设置、从对同一种产品设置一种到设置多种技术性贸易壁垒、从商品流通领域扩展到生产、加工以及服务领域和从独立使用扩展到与关税、一般非关税壁垒一篮子使用五种形式。本文从基本因素、羊群效应、竞争效应、“制动阀”效应、唤醒效应和民间效应六个方面解释其形成原因,然后基于传染特点提出了应对技术性贸易壁垒的对策建议。

The Contagion of Technical Barriers to Trade （TBT） means that the appearance of a kind of TBT brings out more kinds of TBT to appear in larger scale. It shows in detail in five ways： to set TBT from a kind of good to many kinds of goods, to set TBT from in one country to in many countries, to set from one kind of TBT to a series of TBT for the same good, from exchange field to product, process and service fields, from used independently to used with tariff and other non - tariffs barriers. This article provides some explanations to the phenomenon by basic factors, herding effect, competing effect, braking effect, waking- up call effect and folk effect. At last some suggestions on preventing TBT based contagion are provided.