对韦伯和哈贝马斯合理化理论的研究

Study of the Rationalization Theory of Weber and Habermas

通过对韦伯和哈贝马斯的合理化理论的考察,得出社会学合理性分析框架的四个方面:经验普遍准则之确立的主题、主客体关系假设的预设、伦理和认知以及内在与外在的研究方向。这四个方面是二人研究合理性共同遵守的框架,但在具体的内容上二者又表现不同。韦伯的合理性是借助于“天职观”和预定论确立经验普遍准则,哈贝马斯的合理性是在宗教、形而上学世界观解构的条件下重建经验世界的普遍准则。韦伯的合理性之预设是人神对立、主客对立,哈贝马斯的合理性之预设是交互主体。在伦理和认知两个方向上,韦伯的合理性的区分是模糊的;而哈贝马斯则明确地对二者进行了区分。在内在与外在两个向度上,韦伯合理性是单线的联系和相互转化的观点;哈贝马斯则是整体性联系和全面的贯彻。

By inspecting Weber＇s and Habermas＇ rationalization concept,we can attain the perspective pattern of sociological rationality. It includes four aspects ：the theme of establishing empirical criterion ,presupposition of the relation between subject and object, the orientation of rationalization in cognitive and ethics and the orientation of internal-rationalization and external-rationalization. Though rationalization theories show common analysis pattern, they are different in substance. The Weber＇ s rationality set up the empirical criterion by calling （Beruf） and predetermination,and Habermas＇ rationality is reconstructing the empirical criterion in disintegration of religious and metaphysic world-views. The presupposition of Weber＇s rationality is subject-object dichotomy ;and the presupposition of Habermas＇ rationality is intersubjective. The distinction of ethics rationalization and cognitive rationalization is ambiguous in We ber＇s,and is clear in Habermas＇. The relationship of internal-rationalization and external-rationalization is one-sided and change each other in Weber＇s, and is the whole integration and all implementatinn in Habermas.