泰国的流域环境管理(英文)

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF WATERSHED IN THAILAND

流域的概念在泰国沿用已久。之所以这么普及,是由于河流自上游地区流往下游地区这一概念容易被人理解接受。与小流域相关的问题主要包括以下几个方面:水资源利用及其有效性,环境退化问题等。针对现在的工作举几个例子。上下游冲突是个全球性的问题,其中水资源利用是个主要问题,还包括因为杀虫剂和其他废弃物造成的环境污染问题等。滥用土地,特别是在坡地上的过度开发,可能会导致洪灾和山崩。在某些矿区,某些重金属,诸如铅等,对人体健康和居民生活产生不良影响。有些情况无法解决,而人们却无法从其他地区获得帮助。令人高兴的是,在拯救河流方面已经出现了很好的合作范例,如Tha Chin地区的做法,就可以作为其他类似个案的范例。即使只有部分河流由于当地或周边地区的人为活动而造成污染,这些污染物最终也会流入大海。因此为环境法庭各案处理而成立环境争议仲裁中心以及绿席,被视为泰国环境界一个良好的进步。

Concept of watershed has been used in this country for a long time. The reason for its popularity is its simplicity to understand the role of the flow of the water from an upper area to a lower one. The problems associated with watershed concentrate on a couple of major items： water use and availability, and environmental degradation. A few examples have been brought forward from existing works. Upland - lowland conflicts are a global problem, with the use of water as the main issue, plus the contamination of the environment with pesticides and other wastes. The misuse of land by influential people, especially on sloping areas, may induce flood and landslide to occur. In some mining areas, some heavy metals like lead may cause damages to health and well - being of inhabitants. Some cases have been stagnating and people cannot find help from anywhere. On a bright side, there have been good examples of cooperation in saving some rivers, e.g. the Tha Chin, which can exemplify for other similar cases too. Finally the pollutants go down to the sea though some parts of them have been caused by activities in and around there. Establishments of the Environmental Dispute Mediation Center and the Green Bench for environmental court cases are considered a good progress of environmental circles of the country.