主动移频式动力吸振器及其动力特性的研究

Study of Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorber and Its Dynamic Properties

动力吸振器是振动控制中比较有效的减振装置,只要吸振器(子系统)的振动固有频率与振动物体(主系统)的振动频率相同,即可有效地消除主系统的振动。但传统动力吸振器的控制频率带宽较窄,限制了其稳定性和减振效果的提高。本文通过独特的机械设计,研制了一种可以通过调节自身的几何参数,使得其固有频率随几何参数线性变化的主动移频的新型动力吸振器,并初步设定了相应的控制方法。文中还对其动力学特性进行了理论分析和实验测试,分析了它的机理,评估了它的实际减振效果。研究结果表明该吸振器可以大范围调节自身固有频率,有效拓宽吸振频带,具有良好的减振性能和稳定性。

Dynamic vibration absorber （DVA） is effective equipment to control vibration. When its natural frequency fits the vibration frequency of vibrating object （main system）, it can eliminate the vibration of main system effectively. However, traditional dynamic vibration absorber can only control vibration in a narrow frequency band. This characteristic limits its stability and reduces its damping effect. In this paper, by special machine design, a new kind of DVA is produced whose geometry parameters can be adapted. So its resonant frequency can be adjusted linearly in real-time to fit the vibrating frequency of the main system whose vibration frequency is changing. Its corresponding control method is also discussed. Through theoretic analysis and experimental test, its dynamic mechanical characteristics are studied. Its actual damping effect is evaluated. The results indicate that this kind of DVA can change its resonant frequency in large frequency range and it can absorb vibration well in this range. Its damping effect is also reliable and promising.