1958至1960年艾森豪威尔政府对印尼的“双轨政策”

The U. S. “Double Track”Policy toward Indonesia, 1958-1960

1958—1960年,艾森豪威尔政府确立了同时与苏加诺以及印尼陆军发展关系的“双轨”政策。该政策是美国对印尼政策演变的一个重要环节,奠定了美国对苏加诺政权政策的基础。双轨政策是在意识到美国对印尼政策目标和政策手段有限、美印(尼)关系具有较强不确定性和较多制约性因素的背景下制定的,带有浓厚的过渡色彩。双轨政策的确立,标志着美国开始调整与印尼民族主义的关系。美国对印尼政策的重点由促使印尼走上与西方联合、共同反共的道路,转向了利用印尼民族主义,抑制印尼共,阻止印尼与东方阵营的联合。

The policy adopted by Eisenhower administration toward Indonesia during the later half of its second term was an important step in the evolution of American policy toward Indonesia. The Republican administration established the “double track” policy, i.e., the simultaneous promotion of the relationship with Sukarno and Indonesian Army, which served as a basis of American policy toward Indonesia. As there was strong uncertainty in the future of relations between these two countries and many restrictive factors which couldn't be predicted and controlled by U.S. decisionmakers, Eisenhower administration realized that it lacked effective policy means to influence Indonesia’s behaviors and the limitation of US goals in Indonesia during that time. The establishment of the “double track” policy was the beginning of the US government’s adjusting its relations with Indonesian nationalism. The emphasis of American policy toward Indonesia has shifted from encouraging Indonesia to join the West in anti-communism course to using Indonesian nationalism to curb the Indonesian Communist Party and to prevent Indonesia from drifting closer to the East Bloc.