巫史文化生成的原生形态诸问题考察——兼及萨满文化起源问题

Investigation on the Primitive States of the Formation of Wizard Culture——On the Origins of Shaman Culture.

萨满文化的原生形态为巫史文化,巫史文化产生于旧石器时代晚期。本文以对峙峪文化遗址、山顶洞文化遗址的文化考察,指认遗址中出现墓葬表明此时已具有宇宙层次观念,墓葬中的赤铁矿粉,已出现死后再生与升天观念;墓葬中的随葬品属非实用性的装饰品、艺术品,为灵物,为巫师的法器,表现人们的生命观念、生殖崇拜观念、审美观念和色彩观念,表现了巫史文化生成阶段的原生形态,揭示了人们对宇宙万物的新思维、新认识,表明中国古代社会已进入巫史文化阶段,并为迈入文明阶段作了准备。

The primitive state of Shaman Culture is the Wizard Culture, which originated in the late period of Paleolithic Age. Through the cultural investigating on the Shiyu Site, Shandingdong Site, the author confirmed that the burial things in the sites had showed the cosmic view in that time. The iron mine powder expressed the idea of rebirth and entering heaven after death. The burial decorations and arts were the sacred instruments of wizards showing the people＇s ideas of life, reproduction worship, aesthetic and color. The primitive state of the Wizard Culture proved the people had had a new thinking and understanding on everything, which showed that the ancient China had entered the period of the Wizard Culture and prepared for stepping into the civilized period.