赫哲族伊玛堪歌手研究

Studies of Yimakan Singers of Hezhen Nationality

赫哲族是一个人口较少的民族,虽然没有文字,但保留下来非常多的长短不一的口头说唱作品,即伊玛堪。伊玛堪歌手被称为“伊玛堪乞玛发”或“伊玛卡乞尼傲”、“伊玛卡乞奈伊”。历史上,伊玛堪演唱曾有过鼎盛时期,也涌现出很多名歌手。而现在会唱伊玛堪的人极少,只有会唱一两个片断的歌手,也有仅仅会唱伊玛堪调的赫哲人。在研究中我们发现,歌手们的演唱有各自的特点,唱段有一定的程式化特征,歌手学习演唱也有三个特定的阶段。

As a nationality with little people, Hezhen nationality does not have its own characters, but has many long or short oral works remained, which is called Yimakan. The singer of Yimakan is named as“Yimakanqimafa”, “Yimakaqiniao” or “Yimakaqinaiyi”. The singing of Yimakan has had its glorious period in history with some famous singers appeared. But nowadays, there are few singers who can sing well： some of them can only sing one or two passages, some Hezhen people can only sing the tune of Yimakan. In the research of them, we could find that the singers have their respective specialties, the arias are often stylization, and there are three stages when the singers learn to act and sing.