摩托车驾驶员人格与其驾驶行为和交通事故发生的关系

Association of personality with driving behaviors and accident involvement in motorcyclists

目的:通过问卷调查分析摩托车驾驶员的人格因素与驾驶行为、事故之间的相关性。方法:于2004-09/10随机抽取重庆市区及郊县的摩托车驾驶员共800名进行问卷调查,均自愿参加调查。利用自编的摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为问卷(分为冲动行为、超速及违规行为、错误行为和警觉安全行为4个子因素)、中国人人格量表(可以测量中国人人格的7个维度及其相关的18个小因素)、修订的Zuckerman的感觉寻求量表以及个人资料表(包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、驾驶年限、每年驾驶的公里数、有无驾照和事故等)对摩托车驾驶员进行测试。结果:剔除回答不完整或怀疑不真实的问卷,获得内容详实问卷621份,有效率为77.6%。①人格因素与驾驶行为的相关性:除活跃与错误行为、爽直与安全警觉行为、淡泊与超速及故意违规行为相关不显著外,其余人格因素和感觉寻求与四种驾驶行为均有显著相关性(r=-0.48～0.53,P<0.05～0.01)。②人格对驾驶行为的预测作用:耐性、严谨、自制、利他、重感情等人格因素对驾驶行为有显著的预测作用(F=38.11～202.18,P<0.01)。③碰撞事故中事故驾驶员和安全驾驶员的人格差异:摩托车事故驾驶员的自制、沉稳和宽和因子分均显著低于安全驾驶员(t=-3.87～2.16,P<0.05～0.01),而严谨因子分却显著高于安全驾驶员(t=3.29,P<0.01)。④非碰撞事故中事故驾驶员和安全驾驶员的人格差异:事故驾驶员的乐观、沉稳、宽和、机敏和淡泊因子分均显著低于安全驾驶员(t=-2.81～-2.31,P<0.05～0.01)。结论:摩托车驾驶员的人格与其驾驶行为和交通事故的发生有关,因此在提高摩托车驾驶员技能水平的同时,也要注意对其进行人格方面的教育。

AIM： To analyze the relationships among personality and riding behaviors of motorcyclists with accident involvement by questionnaire. METHODS： 800 motorcyclists in Chongqing city or suburbs were selected from September to October 2004 to perform questionnaires. They all agreed to join the investigation. Self-made Motorcyclists＇ Riding Behaviors Questionnaires （MRBQ） （including 4 factors： impulsive behavior, behavior of overdrive and being against regulation, error behavior and alertness and safety behavior）, Qingnian Zhongguo Personality Scale （QZPS） （measuring 7 dimensions and related 18 small factors of personality of Chinese）, modified Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale （SSS） and Individual Data List （containing sex, age, cuhural education, marriage, time limit of driving, kilometer of driving every year, with or without drive license and accidence, etc.） were used to test the motorcyclists. RESULTS： Questionnaires with uncompleted answers or suspected unreal answers were excluded. 621 questionnaires with detailed content were collected with the 77.6% effective rate. ① Correlation between personality factor and driving behavior： The personality factor and sensation seeking had significant correlation with the 4 kinds of driving behaviors except active with error behavior, candid with safety and alertness behavior, not seeking fame with overdrive and intended to be against regulations behavior （r=-0.48 to 0.53, P 〈 0.05-0.01 ）. ② Predicted effect of personality on driving behavior.＂ Tolerance, rigorous, self-restraint, benefit others and regarding emotion, etc. had significantly predicted effect on driving behavior （F=38.11 to 202.18, P 〈 0.01 ）. ③ Personality difference between accident motorcyclists and safety motorcyclists in collision accident： Scores on selfrestraint, composure and generosity in motor accident drivers were lower markedly than those of safety drivers （t=-3.87 to 2.16, P 〈 0.05-0.01）, while score on rigorous was higher remarkably than that of safety drivers （t=3.29, P 〈 0.01）. ④ Personality difference between accident drivers and safety drivers in non-collision accidence： Scores on optimism, composure, generosity, alertness and not seeking fame in accident drivers were lower distinctly than those of safety drivers （t=-2.81 to -2.31, P 〈 0.05-0.01）. CONCLUSION： The personality of motorcyclists has significant correlations with the driving behaviors and accident involvement. Thus, when improving the technical skill of motorcyclists, the education on personality needs to be emphasized.