Heath-Carter法分析辽西农村汉族成人的体型特征

Somatotype characteristics of rural adults of Han nationality in the west of Liaoning province by Heath-Carter anthropometry

目的:采用Heath-Carter人体测量法对辽西农村汉族成人的体型特征进行分析。方法:于2002-09随机选择辽西地区义县七里河乡的汉族农民506人为测量对象。从20岁起,每5岁为1个年龄组,55岁以上为1个年龄组,每个年龄组按性别分组,每组测量人数不低于30人。由专人负责按Carter和Heath(1990)的规定进行指标测量和计算。10项测量指标分别是身高、体质量、上臂紧张围、小腿围、肱骨和股骨内外上髁间径、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度、髂前上棘皮褶厚度、腓肠肌皮褶厚度,测试数据按年龄、性别在微机中建立数据库。依次计算出各年龄组的内因子、中因子、外因子、体型图上的X、Y坐标值、身高体质量比、体型位置均数、两体型点间距离、体脂率和各类体型分布频数等。并与国内外其他群体进行比较。结果:506人的各项指标均被测得,全部进入结果分析。①农村汉族成人的体型特征:成年男性的体型均值为4.9～3.5～2.3,成年女性的体型均值为6.0～3.1～1.9,均属偏中胚层的内胚层体型。男性体型主要集中在偏中胚层的内胚层体型(49.5%),均衡内胚层体型(12.1%),内胚层-中胚层均衡体型(9.3%);女性体型分布较高是偏中胚层的内胚层体型(68.3%),均衡内胚层体型(14.7%),偏外胚层的内胚层体型(9.7%)。②体型频数的变化提示辽西农村汉族男性体型分布呈多态性,而女性体型分布较集中。③辽西汉族农民体型的年龄变化:30～34岁和50～54岁年龄组的男性及25岁以后的女性平均体型点分布于平面体型图的弧线之外,提示辽西汉族农民这些年龄组的成人皮下脂肪较厚,体型偏胖。④农村汉族成年体型的性别差异:女性的内因子值占优势,而中、外因子值男性大于女性,除40～44岁年龄组有显著性差异外,其余组均无明显差异。⑤辽西汉族农民体型与其他群体的比较:辽西汉族农民男性体型与鄂温克族、回族、墨西哥和美国爱斯基摩人差异有非常显著性,与美国东北和中西部人群相接近,女性与回族和墨西哥人差异有非常显著性,与印度和蒙古族相接近。结论:①辽西汉族农民皮下脂肪较厚,骨骼、肌肉系统较发达,身体线性度中等。②女性皮下脂肪发达,体态丰满。③而男性骨骼和肌肉发育良好,体型稍显修长,

AIM： To analyze the somatotype of the rural adults of Hart nationality in the west of Lianning Pmvince by Heath-Carter anthmpometry. METHODS： A total of 506 subjects of Han of Yixian in the west of Liaoning province were somatotyped in September 2002. From the age of 20 years, taking every 5 years as a group and over 55 years as a group. Grouping in term of sex during every group with the number of no less than 30. The indexes were measured and calculated according to Heath-Carter somatotyping method. The ten indexes were body height, body mass, contractive girth of the upper arm, leg girth, internal and external epicondylar diameters of the femur and humerus, skinfolds of triceps brachii, anterior superior iliac spine, inferior angle of scapula and gastrocnemius. The database was set up by age and sex in computer. The endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy, coordinates numerical value of X and Y in somatotype plot, ratio of body height to body mass, somatotype attitudinal means, somatotype attitudinal distance, percentage of body fat and frequence of every somatotype were calculated in each group, and the results were compared with other groups at home and abroad. RESULTS： All the indexes of 506 subjects were measured and analyzed. ① The somatotype characters of rural adults： The mean somatotype was 4.9-3.5-2.3 for males, 6.0-3.1-1.9 for females. Both males and females were mesomorphic endomorphy. The major somatotypes for males were mesomorphic endomorphy （49.5%）, balanced endomorphy （12.1%）, endo-mesomorph （9.3%）, and those for females were mesomorphic endomorphy （68.3%）, balanced endomorphy （14.7%）, ectomorphic endomorphy （9.7%）. ② The changes of somatotype frequency showed that the somatotype distribution of the rural males was multiplex and females was centralized. ③ The age variety of the rural subjects： The average somatotype dots of 30- 34 aged and 50-54 aged males and over 25 aged females distribute outside of theplot, which showed that the subcutaneous fat of these adults was more. ④ The gender difference of the adult somatotype： The endomorphic factor was dominant in females, whereas the mesomorphic and ectomorphic factors in males were abundant than females. By test, significant gender difference was only found in 40-44 aged group. ⑤ Comparison with other groups： Significant difference was between the rural male sornatotype of Han in the west of Liaoning Province and Ewenki, Hui, Mexico, Eskimos, whereas was approach to that of the northeast and midwest of USA. Between the rural female of Han and Hui, Mexico in somatotype, there had significant difference and approach to that of India and Mongol nationality. CONCLUSION： ① The body fat of Han farmers in the west of Liaoning province is thicker systems are strong, and the figure is in the middle grade. ② The subcutaneous fat and body carriage are rich in females.③ The skeleton and muscle develop better in males, and the somatotype appears slender.