腭裂术后腭咽闭合功能不全患者辅音声学特点的研究

The acoustic features of the consonant of the patients with post-palatoplasty velopharyngeal incompetence

目的:研究腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者辅音的声学特点。方法:66例腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全(velopharyngeal incompetence VPI)患者,男36例,女30例;年龄13～32岁,平均年龄17.79岁;不完全性腭裂22例,单侧完全性腭裂35例,双侧完全性腭裂9例。手术史为3～15a。对照组为正常语音、能熟练掌握普通话的在校大学生35例,均为上海人,其中男15例,女20例;年龄20～22岁,平均年龄20.43岁。被检音为/da/、/bo/、/ge/、/ji/、/ku/、/qü/。被检者取坐位,自然放松,距麦克风5cm,练习被检音后,直接输入计算机语音分析系统(CSL4400,美国KAY公司)。测量指标包括音节音长(Dur)、辅音音长(CD)、元音音长(VD)、嗓音起始时间(VOT)、第1强频区(VF1)、第2强频区(VF2)、第3强频区(VF3)、辅音音强(CE)、元音音强(VE)和声母音长比(RDCD)。用SPSS11.5对数据进行t检验。结果:病例组的Dur、VD、VOT和CE与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。送气音的VF1、VF2和VF3与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。其语图特点为:无冲直条和乱纹或冲直条和乱纹的减少;VOT缩短、消失或变为负值;部分辅音缺如或被其他辅音取代。结论:VPI患者辅音的VOT较对照组明显降低,其强频区分布异常,能量衰减。语图有2大特点:辅音脱落或弱化,清音浊化。

PURPOSE： To study the acoustic features of the consonants in patients with post-palatoplasty velopharyngeal incompetence（VPI）. METHODS： 66 patients （36 male, 30 female, aged from 13 to 32 years, with a mean age of 17.79 years） with post-palatoplasty VPI were included for this study. Of 66 patients, 22 had incomplete cleft palates, 35 had unilateral complete cleft palates and 10 had bilateral complete cleft palates. All cases underwent repair of cleft palate 3 to 15 years ago. The control included 35 eases （15 male, 20 female, aged from 20 to 22 years, with a mean age of 20.43 years）, who had normal speech without cleft palate. The selected syllables were/da/, /bo/, /ge/, /ji/, /ku/and/qu/, which were input into computer speech lab （CSL） directly by microphone. Duration of the syllables （Dur）, duration of the consonants （CD）, duration of the vowels （VD）, voice onset time （VOT）, the first concentrated frequency of consonants （VF1）, the second concentrated frequency of consonants （VF2）, the third concentrated frequency of consonants （VF3）, energy of the consonants （CE）, energy of the vowels （VE） and the duration ratio of the consonants（RDCD） were measured and analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software with Student＇s t test. RESULTS： There was significant difference in Dur, VD, VOT and CE between the patients and the controls （P〈0.05）; there was significant difference in VF1, VF2 and VF3 of aspirates between the patients and the controls, too （P〈0.05）. From phonetic images, the spike and the fill of the consonants of the VPI decreased and VOT decreased to zero or to negative value, some consonants were disappeared or replaced by other consonants. CONCLUSIONS：In VPI patients, VOT was shorter than that of the control, the energy decreased and concentrated frequency area distributed abnormally. Two features of the spectra of them were the consonants loss or weak and voiceless transforming to voiced.