骨髓源性神经细胞的现状与展望

The bone marrow stem cells-derived neurons in present and prospect

目的:了解骨髓基质干细胞向神经细胞分化的内在潜力及分化后神经细胞的结构和功能特点以及电针在神经细胞诱导分化中的应用前景。资料来源:应用计算机检索medline1995-01/2005-03与间质干细胞神经细胞分化相关的文献,检索词“mesenchymalstemcells,neurons”,并限定文章语言种类为“English”。同时检索中国学术期刊全文数据库1994-01/2005-03相关的文献以及与针刺治疗脊髓、脑相关的文献,检索词为“骨髓基质细胞、脊髓/脑”、“针刺、脊髓/脑”,限定语言种类为中文。资料选择:对检索到的100余篇文献进行筛选,选择骨髓基质细胞体内、外分化特性及用于中枢神经系统损伤和修复的基础研究文献40篇,针刺治疗脊髓、脑相关的文献60多篇,其中研究内容相似的,以近5年且发表在较权威杂志者优先,排除综述类文献和Meta分析。资料提炼:将筛选的52篇文献进行分类,7篇研究骨髓基质细胞的生物学特性,11篇与骨髓基质细胞增殖分化能力相关,22篇与骨髓基质细胞在中枢神经系统的应用及其作用机制相关。12篇与针刺抗氧化、促生长因子分泌以及促进内源性神经干细胞增殖相关。进一步选择有代表性的23篇进行综述。资料综合:体内外微环境对骨髓基质细胞的诱导分化起着重要作用,但目前骨髓基质细胞向神经细胞诱导分化的技术还不成熟,诱导率和存活率还较低。结论:骨髓基质细胞在适宜条件下可分化为神经元,如何提高骨髓基质细胞的神经元转化率和存活率是值得进一步探讨的问题。

OBJECTIVE： To study the inherent neural differentiation potency of bone marrow stem cells （BMSCs）, structural and functional characters of bone marrow stem cells-derived neuron, and the application prospect of acupuncture in neural differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify articles about the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells published in English between January 1995 and March 2005 with the keywords of ＂mesenchymal stem cells, neurons＂. Meanwhile, Chinese relevant articles and literatures about acupuncture in treating spinal cord and brain published between January 1994 and March 2005 were retrieved in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, the keywords were ＂mesenchymal stem cells, spinal cord/brain＂ in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： All articles were selected firstly, 40 of 100 articles related to the researches about differentiation potency, characters and application of bone marrow stem cells in the injury and repair of central nervous system. More than 60 of 100 articles related to the researches about acupuncture application in the repair of central nervous system. The articles published in authoritative magazines in recent 5 years were selected firstly if they had similar content. The summarizations and Meta analysis were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 52 articles were collected and classified. Among them, 7 articles were about biological characters of bone marrow stem cells, 11 articles were about the potency of proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells, 22 articles were about application and action mechanism of bone marrow stem cells in central nervous system, 12 articles were about acupuncture on antioxidatinn, secretion of growth factor and proliferation of neural stem cells in vivo. DATA SYNTHESIS： The microenvironment in vivo or in vitro plays an important role in neural differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. The technique of neural differentiation of bone marrow stem cells is still immature, the neural differentiation ratio of bone marrow stem cells was lower, and the differentiated neurons still could not survive for long time. CONCLUSION： Bone marrow stem cells could differentiate into neurons under suitable condition, but the neural differentiation ratio of bone marroow stem cells and survival of differentiated neurons still need further explorations.