从荷马史诗《伊利亚特》论析史诗与神话的辩证关系

On Dialectical Relationship between Epic and Mythology through Study of Iliad

神话与史诗作为人类早期文学的两种艺术形式,既存在内容与文体上的相通性与继承性,同时又存在较大的差异性。神话作为原始的散文体的文学形式,随着社会生产力的发展,现实因素的增强,它逐渐向“人话”过渡,最终从世界观上完成了自我否定。史诗正是在对神话世界观否定的基础上,融合了神话尤其是向“人话”过渡阶段的部分神话的内容,采用韵文形式,最终形成了一种“史”与“诗”相结合的新的文学形式。

As two artistic forms of ancient human literature, mythology and epic share some similarities and inheritance in terms of contents and style; however, they are quite different from each other. As a literary form of primitive prose, mythology, with the development of production, gained more and more practical elements, developed into “human story” and eventually denied “selfness” in terms of outlook. Based on denial of mythological outlook, epics absorbed part of mythology, adopted verse form, and developed into a new literary form of “history” and “poetry”.