90例狂犬病人流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis on 90 Rabies Cases

[目的]了解安徽省狂犬病的流行病学特征,为防治对策的调整提供科学依据。[方法]对安徽省2003年以来上报的狂犬病例作回顾性调查,进行流行病学统计与分析。[结果]90例病人中,男女性别比2．5∶1；农民、学生、散居儿童分别占发病总数的56．7%、25．6%和8．9%。72．2%的肇事动物没有免疫,42．2%的患者被咬伤后未对受伤部位作任何处理,64．4%的患者未接种狂犬病疫苗,仅10．0%的病人全程接种了狂犬疫苗。[结论]狂犬病防范的重点人群是农民和学生。加强犬等动物的免疫,暴露后及时、规范处理伤口,全程接种狂犬疫苗,保证疫苗质量,是防止暴露后发病和降低发病率的关键措施。

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies for the disease control and prevention in Anhui,China. [Methods] Since 2003,a retrospective study for 90 cases was carried out by questionnaire, and the data was analyzed. [Results] The sex ratio of men and women was 2.5：1. The case percentage of farmers, students and scattered children was 56.7 %, 25.6 % and 8.9 %. 72.2% of the animals, potential source of infection, were not immunized. The wounds by the animal for 42.2 % rabies cases were not treated by hospital. 64.4 % of cases were not immunized by rabies vaccine and only 10.0 % of cases were immunized by 5 doses of rabies vaccines. [Conclusions] The human rabies prevention should focus on farmer and student. The key measures for human rabies control in Anhui are animals immunization,immediately accessing wounds medical care, rabies vaccine immunization in time and valid vaccines providing for preventing post-exposure onset and reducing rabies incidence.