医用防护服织物在不同温湿条件下透湿量的研究

The water vapor permeability of medical protective fabrics in different air temperature and humidity

阐述了国内外织物透湿量主要测试标准和条件,观察了医用防护服织物的结构,分析了不同复合结构的特征.采用蒸发法测试了医用防护服织物在不同温湿度条件下的透湿量,对蒸汽压差与透湿量作回归分析.实验结果表明,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜层压织物透湿量高,聚氨酯(PU)涂层织物及热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)涂层非织造布透湿量低,且有明显的涂层缺陷,有剥落现象,颗粒分布不均匀,说明了涂层的不可靠性.当相对湿度一定时,织物的透湿量基本上是随着温度的升高而增大;而当温度一定时,织物的透湿量基本上是随着相对湿度的增加而减少.对于被测试样,蒸汽压差与透湿量呈三次曲线关系,具有较高的相关性,相关系数的平方为0.719～0.973.

The demand and the most standard of water vapor permeability of the fabrics were set forth briefly. The structure of the medical protective fabrics were observed, and the characteristic of the composite structure were analyzed. The water vapor permeability of the fabrics was tested respectively with the evaporation method in the condition of different air temperature and humidity. The regression analysis of the steam differential and the water vapor permeability were made. The experiments show that the multi-layered fabrics of polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） membrane possess a high water vapor permeability, the coated fabrics of the PU and TPU possess a low water vapor permeability and there are defect and flake on the PU and TPU, so fallibility of the fabrics of PU and TPU are expressed. With the increasing of the temperature, the water vapor permeability of multilayer fabrics increase in the humidity to a certainty. With the increasing of the humidity, the water vapor permeability of multilayer fabrics decline in the temperature to a certainty. The regressive equation of the water vapor permeability and the steam differential is cubic equation and the square of correlation coefficient is 0. 719-0. 973.