乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量变化趋势与污染削减总量分析

Study on Variation Tendency of Atmospheric Environmental Quality and Total Reduction of Pollutant in Urumqi

分析了乌鲁木齐市1998～2003年间大气环境质量变化趋势,结果表明在此期间TSP的年均值在0.336～0.505 mg/m3,SO2年均值在0.097～0.145 mg/m3,TSP和SO2年平均值均超过国家<环境空气质量标准>的二级标准,但总体上污染程度呈下降趋势.从环境空气污染综合指数分析,除1999年主要污染物为SO2外,其他年份主要污染物均为TSP,从TSP二重源解析来看,扬尘对TSP污染的影响最大,年分担率为34%,其余依次为煤烟尘、建筑水泥尘、硫酸盐、土壤风沙、机动车尾气等.据分析测算,乌鲁木齐市环境空气质量保持在二级标准时,TSP,SO2与NO2最大环境容纳量分别为42.5万,10.8万,14.7万t,采暖期分别为14.2万,4.3万,5.9万t,目前TSP,SO2和NO2的年排放量分别为55.16万,11.94万,8.34 万t,采暖期排放量分别为23.14万,8.65万和4.70万t;乌鲁木齐市空气环境质量要达二级标准,TSP和SO2需削减排放量分别为12.66万,4.35万t,采暖期需削减排放量8.94万,4.35万t.

The variation tendency of atmospheric environmental quality in Urumqi was analysed from 1998 to 2003 in this paper. The result showed that the annual average concentration of TSP varied from 0. 336 mg/m^3 to 0. 505 mg/m^3, mean annual concentration of SO2 changed from 0. 097mg/m^3 to 0. 145mg/m^3,both were higher than grade-two of the national standard, totally pollution level had a tendency of descent. Main pollutant was TSP from analysis of atmospheric pollution index, dust had the most important influence on TSP pollution from analysis of TSP double source apportionment. Every year its shareing rate was 34%, the others were coal somke dust, building mortar dust, sulfate dust, soil wind spread dust, motor vehicle tail gas in proper order. According to calculation, maximum environment capacity of TSP, SO2, NO2 was respectively 42. 5 × 10^4 t, 10.8 × 10^4 t, 14.7 × 10^4 t in order to achieve grade-two of the national standard, maximum environment capacity of TSP, SO2, NO2 during heating periods was 14.2×10^4t,4.3× 10^4t,5. 9×10^4t. Now the annual discharge amount of TSP,SO2 ,NO2 was 55.16 × 10^4t, 11.94×10^4 t, 8. 34 × 10^4 t, discharge amount of TSP, SO2, NO2 during heating periods was 23. 14 × 10^4 t, 8. 65×10^4t,4.7×10^4t,total reduction of pollutant of TSP, SO2 was 12. 66×10^4t,4.35×10^4 t, quantity of pollutant redueted of TSP,SO2 during heating periods was 8.94 × 10^4 t,4.35 × 10^4 t.