单链抗体研究进展及其在医学中的应用

The research progress and medicine application of the ScFv antibody

自英国和日本学者发现白喉抗毒素以来,人们对于抗体的研究经历了多克隆抗体、单克隆抗体和基因工程抗体3个阶段,其中单链抗体由于具有相对分子质量小、穿透力强、血中半衰期短、抗原结合特异性强、免疫原性弱和可在原核细胞中表达等特点而倍受人们关注。

Since the scholar of England and Japan had found the diphtheria antitoxin, the research of the antibody has experienced three phases： polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered antibodies. In recent years, far more attention has been paid to single-chain antibody by researchers owing to it＇s small molecular, strong ability of penetration, short half-lives in blood, high specificity to combine with the corresponding antibody, weak immunogenicity and possibility to be expressed in prokaryocyte.