猪头颈部动脉血管解剖学及其在脑动静脉畸形研究中的意义

Head and Neck Arterial Anatomy of Swine and Its Applications in Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

目的研究猪头颈部的动脉解剖学特点,探讨在人脑动静脉畸形(AVM)研究中的意义。方法对6头家猪进行头颈部血管造影和解剖,观察解剖学特点。结果猪的颈总动脉干起自头臂干,然后发出双侧颈总动脉,后者发出咽升动脉和颈外动脉。左侧椎动脉起自左锁骨下动脉,右侧椎动脉为肋颈干的延续。椎动脉与枕动脉、颅内的脑动脉之间也存在着吻合。结论根据猪脑动脉解剖学特点,可以建立AVM模型,用于研究其血流动力学、病理生理学及栓塞材料的实验研究和介入神经放射学医生培训。但是,在模拟AVM形态学和血流动力学方面,猪AVM模型还存在一些不足。

Objective To study anatomic characteristics of swine cerebral arteries and investigate applications in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Methods Head and neck angiography and anatomization were observed in 6 domestic swine, and anatomic characteristics were observed then. Results In swine, bilateral common carotid arteries originated from the brachiocephalic trunk, then issued the ascending pharyngeal and external arteries. The left vertebral artery originated from the left subclavian artery, while the right vertebral artery originated from costocervical trunk. The brain was mainly supplied by bilateral pharyngeal arteries. The pharyngeal arteries formed rete mirabile （RMB） inside sphenotic foramen between sphenoid saddle, then RMB issued bilateral internal carotid arteries supplying the brain and there was inter-communicant between bilateral RMB. The external arterial system formed communication with RMB, further with intracranial internal carotid arteries, by the means of ramus anastomoticus （RA） and arteria anastomotica （AA）. There were also anastomoses between vertebral and occipital arteries and among intracranial arteries. Conclusion Based on cerebral arterial anatomic characteristics, the AVM model could be constructed in swine for experimental studies in hemodynamics, pathophysiology and embolic materials, and for interventional neurosurgeon trainings. Nevertheless, there are some insufficiencies in swine AVM model in terms of morphological and hemodynamic simulations of AVMs.