父母教养方式与小学中高年级学生孤独感的调查研究

A Survey on the Relationship between Parents' Teaching Methods and Three-six Graders' Loneliness

运用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和儿童孤独量表(Children's Loneliness Scale)调查了3 4 1名小学中高年级学生,研究表明:1.除父母的情感温暖理解外,其余各因子男生均显著高于女生;中年级学生虽比高年级得到父母更多的情感温暖理解,但父母也更惩罚严厉,同时父亲的拒绝否认和过度保护也更严重。乡村学生较城镇学生受到父亲更多的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和过度保护,却较少受到父母的情感温暖理解。2.父母的文化程度越高,对孩子表现出更多的情感温暖与理解,父亲的惩罚严厉和拒绝否认也越少。3.农村的学生与城镇学生相比,其孤独感更强。4.合群儿童较孤独儿童享受到来自父母更多的情感温暖与理解,而较少受到父母的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和父亲的过度保护。5.父母各因子中除了过分干涉、过干涉过保护,其余均与儿童孤独感存在非常显著的相关,其中情感温暖与理解、惩罚严厉是影响儿童孤独感的最主要因素。

EMBU of parents＇ teaching methods and Children＇s Loneliness Scale are applied to survey 341 three-six graders in primary schools. The results show that 1） except the item understanding parents＇ warmness, boys＇ other items are higher than girls＇; 2） the better education parents received, the more warmness and understanding towards their children; 3） Compared with the students in cities and towns, students in rural areas are more likely to be lonely; 4） students who get along well with others enjoy more warmness and understanding from their parents; 5） warmness and understanding, severe punishment from parents are the most important aspects influencing children loneliness.