对肝移植手术的伦理考问

The Ethical Questioning of Liver Transplantation

2004年,中国一跃成为世界上的肝移植大国。但在我国的医疗资源分配严重不公的情形下,肝移植手术的大幅度增长的背后隐藏的是尖锐的伦理冲突。器官移植是一项高科技的手术,不但有技术的要求,也有伦理的要求,器官的来源要符合伦理原则;确定受者既要有医学标准,也要有社会标准;受者的利益必须大于供者的损失;在器官分配上要做到公正。因此, 不严格掌握手术适应症的肝移植手术违背医学伦理,热衷肝脏移植手术严重脱离现实国情,必须用国际上公认的伦理准则控制供体来源,对手术医生加强伦理培训使我国的肝脏移植健康发展。

China has already become a country with large scale liver transplantation in the world in 2004. However, against the background of severe inequity in health care resource allocation, what hides behind the great increase of liver transplantation surgeries is a sharp ethical conflict. Organ transplantation is a high - tech operation, which has not only technical requirements but also ethical requirements. The obtaining of organs must follow ethical principles; the decision about the recipients must follow both medical and social standards; the benefit for the recipient must exceed the loss for the provider; justice must be sought in organ allocation. Therefore, liver transplantations that do not accord with medical indications are against bioethical principles. The zeal for liver transplantation doesnt fit into the situation of our country at all. The source of organs must be controlled according to internationally recognized ethical principles, the ethical training for surgeons must be strengthened, so that the development of liver transplantation in China can be in a healthy track.