鄂温克、鄂伦春、达斡尔族萨满神歌程式之比较研究

The Comparative Studies between the Procedures of Shamanism Divine Songs of Ewenki,Orunchun and Daghur Peoples

萨满神歌是历代萨满祭祀表演的“音声文本”,具有鲜明的民族性,是民族文化的历史见证。鄂温克族、鄂伦春族、达斡尔族的萨满歌有其共性,统观所能获悉的这三个民族的神歌汉译本,发现了几个相似的程式———对动物的描述、成为萨满的标准、对供奉的牺牲的描述及牺牲的祭拜方法;衬词的作用,请祖神、请神的程式、吃血仪式,还有他们的互文性。

The Shamanism divine songs is the “sound text” for the Shamanism sacred performance in different dynasties with very lively feature of the nationality and is the historical testimony of the national culture. The Shamanism divine songs of Ewenki, Orunchun and Daghur Peoples have their commonness. Viewing the Chinese version of the divine songs of the three people that can be found, the author found several similar procedures——the description of animals, the standard of becoming Shaman, the description of the immolation and the ways of sacrifice; the function of the set off words, the procedures of inviting ancestor god and god, the ceremony of blood drinking, and the nature of their mutual writing.