对内蒙古自治区开荒与退耕政策的历史考察

EXAMINE THE HISTORY OF THE POLICY OF RECLAIMING WASTELAND AND FORBIDDING FARMING IN INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION

过度垦殖是内蒙古沙化的直接原因之一,但不是深层原因。沙化的深层原因是制约人们活动的政策。在内蒙古自治区五十余年的历史上,或开荒,或退耕,不同时期执行了不同的开荒政策。1947年5月—1952年7月,实施奖励垦荒政策;1952年8月—1955年底,实施禁止开荒政策;1956年初—1976年底,在有条件开荒与无条件开荒政策间摇摆;1977年以后,实施禁止开荒政策。只有弄清内蒙古自治区历史上的垦殖政策及其成因,才能对症下药,制定出科学合理的沙化治理方案,也有利于深化人们对目前实施的“退耕还林、退耕还牧”政策的认识,避免政策反复。

Overreclamation is one of the direct reasons for Inner Mongolia desertification, but not the deepgoing reason. The deepgoing reason of desertification is the policy to govern people＇ s activitres. In the past fifty years or so in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the different policies -- reclamation or prohihition of farming -- have been carried out in the different periods. From May 1947 to July 1952, a policy to encourage and reward reclamation was carried out. From August 1952 to the end of 1955, a policy to forbid reclamationis practised. From the beginning of 1956 to the end of 1976, a police vacilatedbetween conditional reclamation and unconditional reclamation. The policy to forbid farming has been implemented since 1977. Only by finding out the reclamation policies and their ca, uses of formation can we lay down the reasonably scientific programs to harness desertification, which will be beneficial to suiting the medicine to the illness, and which will help deepen the understanding of the policy to forbid farming to the advantage of forestry and livestock farming, put into effect at present, so as to avoid the policy chopping and changing.