日本东京都行政评价制度中经济学理论的运用及启示

On the Application of Economic Theories in Tokyo Administrative Evaluation System and Its Enlightenment

日本行政评价制度主要是通过以点带面的方式建立起来的。即以东京都等地方行政评价制度的实施来推进和形成整个国家行政评价制度体系。经济学理论中成本与收益的关系是构建东京都行政评价制度的理论基石,强调以最小的成本获取最大的收益,从成本分析来决定行政行为的取舍。一般从行政立项开始,通过评价程序辅助政府决策,直到最后对完成效果进行评价,使行政决策和执行降低了风险性,从而使有限财政资金得到充分有效的利用。

Japan＇s administrative evaluation system has been established chiefly in the mode of fanning the program out from point to area, that is, the development of administrative evaluation system of the whole country has been promoted and formed through first setting up local systems at places like Tokyo. With the cost and gain relationship in economics as the theoretical cornerstone for the construction of Tokyo＇s administrative evaluation system, emphasis is placed on obtaining the maximum gains at the minimum cost. Risk has been minimized in administrative decision-making and implementation, since governments＇ decision-making is safeguarded by the evaluation process from the very beginning through to the completion of every project, thus making the best use of the limited financial resources.