费-托合成油品的加工利用

PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION OF OIL FRACTIONS FROM FISHCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS

介绍了费-托合成(F-T合成)油品的性质及其各馏分的加工利用途径。高温法F-T合成的主要产物是汽油,同时有较多的低碳烯烃;低温法F-T合成的主要产物是柴油和蜡,同时副产少量烯烃和化学品。F-T合成油品的石脑油馏分其烷烃含量高,杂质含量少,虽不适于作汽油馏分,但可作优质的乙烯厂原料;柴油馏分的十六烷值高,基本不含硫、氮和芳烃,可作为优质柴油的调合组分或生产清洁柴油,其不足之处是凝点较高;收率超过50％的重质馏分和蜡可作为炼油厂原料进一步加工,如采用加氢裂化工艺生产喷气燃料和柴油,采用加氢异构化技术生产高质量的润滑油基础油和特种蜡。

The properties and processing of oil fractions from Fishcher-Tropsch synthesis process （ F-T process） are presented. The high-temperature F-T process mainly produces gasoline and low-carbon olefins, while the major products of low-temperature F-T process are diesel, wax and a little amount of olefins and chemicals. The naphtha from F-T process, high in paraffin and low in impurities, is an excellent feedstock for ethylene cracker although it is not a good gasoline component. The diesel fraction of F-T process, high in cetane number and containing little sulfur, nitrogen and aromatics, is a good blending component of premier diesel and clean diesels. The only disadvantage is its higher freezing point. The heavy oil which accounts for 50% of the total product yields can be upgraded in the downstream units, such as in hydrocracker to produce jet fuel and diesel and in hydroisomerization unit to get high-quality lube base oil and special wax.