精神分裂症患者院外自杀危险因素分析

Analysis on suicide risk factors occurred in out-patients with schizophrenia

目的了解精神分裂症患者在院外的自杀情况并探讨其相关的危险因素。方法选择我院1996年度出院的176例精神分裂症患者,采用自编调查问卷等工具,对其6年间院外自杀行为进行调查。结果在完成调查的143例患者中,32例(22.4%)出现过自杀行为,其中3例死亡;主要自杀方式为过量服药(13例)。相关危险因素包括自杀意念、复发次数、酒精依赖、锥体外系副反应等,其中自杀意念危险性最大(OR=9.1),定期就医与自杀呈明显的负相关(OR=0.2)。结论精神分裂症患者在院外自杀危险性高,危险因素主要与自杀意念和复发次数有关,定期就医是有效的预防措施。

Objective To probe the prevalence and the risk factors of suicides occurred in out - patients of schizophrania. Methods With some questionnaires established by ourselves, 176 out - patients diagnosed as schizophrenia according to CCMD-3 were investigated after discharge over six years. Results Of the 143 cases completed the investigation, 32 cases （22.4 % ）committed suicide, 3 of them died. The risk factors for suicide included： suicide ideation, relapse frequency of the illness, drinking, and extra - pyramidal side effects. Suicide ideation was the most risk factor among them （ OR ≈ 9.1 ）. To go to see doctor regularly correlated with the suicide risk negatively（ OR ≈ 0.2）. Conclusion There are high suicide risks among outpatients in schizophrenia. The risk factors are mainly related to suicde ideation and reapse frequency of the Ylness, To go to see doctor regularly is an effective prevention way.