早产儿医院感染危险因素研究

Research of risk factors of nosocomial infection in premature infants

目的探讨早产儿医院感染特点及危险因素。方法追踪观察2003年7月-2004年6月在儿科住院的早产儿医院感染发生情况;采用因素分析方法分析医院感染危险因素。结果早产儿医院感染率为16.03%;医院感染与胎龄、体重、喂养方式、疾病严重程度、住院时间、抗菌药物及激素的应用、侵袭性操作等有明显关系;感染的病原菌主要是真菌,其次是革兰阳性球菌;感染部位主要是呼吸道,其次是皮肤软组织、口腔黏膜、胃肠道。结论早产儿医院感染率高,应重点监控,其主要危险因素为胎龄小、低体重、病情重、非母乳喂养、住院时间长、使用广谱抗菌药物和激素、侵袭性操作等。

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection （NI） in premature infants Methods NI in premature infants who were hospitalized from July 2003 to June 2004 were observed retrospectively, and risk factors of NI were analysed by factor analysis method. Results The rate of NI in premature infants was 16.03%. NI was remarkably related to the fetal age, birth weight, method of feeding, severity of disease, length of the hospital stay, improper application of antimicrobial agents or hormone and invasive operation. The major pathogens of the infection in premature infants were fungal and gram-positive cocci, The main infection sites were respiratory tract, skin soft tissue, oral mucosal membrane and digestive tract. Conclusion NI rate is high in premature infants, the major risk factors of NI are related to the short time of pregnancy, lower birth weight, seriousness of diseases, non-breast feeding, long time of the hospitalization, improper application of antimicrobial agents and hormone and invasive operation.