非虚构——抒情历史小说——《心灵史》文体论

Non-fiction: Lyrical Historical Novel——On History of the Soul from the Perspective of Stylistics

一方面,张承志在扎实的史料基础上,发挥训练有素的民族史学者的专业功底,在叙史方式上主要采取严谨缜密的史学著述方式反映哲合忍耶的信仰史,使《心灵史》“远离了文学”;另一方面,叙述者“我”走入信仰的中心——哲合忍耶而产生的强烈抒情倾诉欲望,又使《心灵史》具有鲜明的抒情诗的品质,回到了文学,从而形成了由非虚构的历史叙述与抒情诗式的倾诉相结合的新型文体,即非虚构——抒情历史小说。

On the one hand, History of the Soul, based on the rich historical malerial and the special knowledge of the well-versed author as a historian, employs a rigorous narrative manner as done in historical works to present the religious history of the Jahrinya, thus keeping the novel far from literature. On the other hand, “I”, as the narrator of the story, enters into the Jahrinya and his strong desire to pour out feelings turns the novel a lyric, finally returning to literature. Therefore, the author of the novel creates a new literary style which is a mixture of non-fictional historical narration and lyrical expression, paving the way for the unprecedented stylistic and artistic exploration and reform in the late 90s of the 20th century.