日本《国家公务员伦理法》的特征及启示

Characteristics of Law of Ethic of Japanese Civil Servants and Its Enlightenment

自20世纪80年代以来,日本国家公务员的渎职事件不断发生,并呈上升趋势。为此,日本政府于1999年4月颁布了《国家公务员伦理法》,具体规范了公务员伦理道德的行为准则。其主要特征表现在:特别职公务员与一般职公务员伦理立法相结合;国家公务员伦理法的内容细致、可操作性强;在对公务员不当处分的救济程序上体现了《行政程序法》与《国家公务员法》的衔接。日本《国家公务员伦理法》的规定对我国反腐败的立法研究具有一定的借鉴意义。

Since the 1980th, the number of the guilt of dereliction of duty of Japanese civil servants has been increasing continuously and keeping rising. Therefore, the Japanese government has promulgated the Law of Ethic of Japanese Civil Servants in April, 1999. This law provided the morals and ethic concretely for civil servants. The main characteristics of this law include the deliberated ethical legislation for both special and common duty civil servants; detailed and operable rules and regulations; especially the linkage of the Procedural Administrative Law with the Civil Servant Law which reflects the relief procedure given to those civil servants who have been punished improperly. The Law of Ethic of Japanese Civil Servants will be beneficial to the study on the legislation of anti-corruption in China.