论相信与知道等相关系列范畴的关系

The Relation between Corresponding Categories about Believing and Knowing

在哲学基础理论中特别是认知理论中存在两组密切相关但又有着明显的区别的基本范畴问题,这就是信、所信、相信、信念与知、所知、知道、知识及其相互关系问题。所知必有所信,知道必定相信,反之则不成立,故“所信”、“相信”、“认为”是比“所知”、“知道”等更为基本的概念,实际上,前者才是哲学认知理论乃至整个哲学研究的基石、出发点、归宿和终极预设;知道、知识不等于相信、信念,也不等于为真的信念,知道、知识与相信、信念的区别也不在于凭据、证据、证明;知道、知识不过是一种特殊的信念,是以经历、感触为前提的为真的信念。

In the fundamental p hy theories, especially those about cognition, there are two kinds of closely relevant but very different categories. They are the believing, the believed, to believe, beliefs and the knowing, the known, to know, knowledge as well as corresponding relation between them. The basic opinions of the article are as follows： the known must be grounded on what one believes. What you know must be what you believe and the case is untenable if contrary to the above. So, as basic concepts, ＂the believed＂, ＂to believe＂, and ＂to think ＂are more fundamental than ＂the known＂, and ＂to know ＂. In fact, they are footstones, start points, goals and ultimate premises of cognition theories and even for the whole philosophy study. ＂To know＂, and ＂knowledge＂ can not be identified with ＂ to believe＂, and ＂beliefs＂ and do not mean true beliefs either. The difference between the two kinds of categories does not consist in proof and demonstration. ＂To know＂, and knowledge＂ are just some special true beliefs on the basis of one＇s experiences and feelings.