浮玉楼台似,江天入企情——北海公园琼岛延楼建筑群创作意匠探析

Design Concept of the Yanlou Building Groups on Jade Island of Beihai Park

北京的北海公园是我国现存历史最悠久、格局最完整的古代皇家园林。其中琼岛延楼建筑群的兴建,作为清代皇家园林移植江南胜景的优秀个案,融汇镇江金山寺“紫金浮玉”之意象,扩充了“蓬莱仙境”的原型内涵;吸纳金山“寺包山”创作手法的佛教底蕴,与佛教“曼荼罗”图式相结合,塑造了琼岛北坡体现大一统意念的“众星拱月”象征景观;还因借金山寺场所精神,融以儒、禅思想境界进行创造性诠释,从而将琼岛缔造为多元文化盛地,使之相称于作为清北京景观核心的重要地位,成为帝都“平地起蓬瀛,城市而林壑”整体经营意象的画龙点睛之笔。

The Beihai Park enjoys the longest history and most complete layout among ancient imperial gardens in China. It is a distinguished example of imperial gardens transplanting and recreating famous scenic spots of the Jiangnan area （ south of the Changjiang River） in Qing Dynasty. The construction of the Yanlou building groups on the Jade Island, Beihai Park, took in the concept of the Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang, and extended its archetype of ＂Penglai Celestial Island＂ to a new aesthetic realm. Meanwhile, it also absorbed the implication of Buddhism presented by a design method of ＂hills enveloped in temples＂, and combined it with the Buddhism pattern of Mandala, bringing out a symbolic spectacle of a unified empire. Finally, endowed with the spirit of the Jinshan Temple, the Yanlou building groups went on to attract thoughts of Confucianism and Zen and made the Jade Island a multi-cultural site, which was in correspondence with its vital status of landscape center of Beijing and greatly enhanced the grand cityscape of Beijing.