试论汉唐宦官典掌军职的演进特点

On the Characteristics of the Development of Eunuchs' Control over the Army during Han and Tang Dynasties.

汉唐时期宦官专权的基础之一,是宦官典掌军职。汉唐宦官典掌军职分有监军、典掌禁军和衔领军职三种方式。宦官典掌军职,在东汉时期属于临时差遣的性质,唐代中后期以后,宦官典掌军职则逐步制度化,成为唐代宦官专权的一大特色,也是造成唐代后期宦官危害甚烈,废立帝位如同儿戏的主要原因。

One of the bases of eunuch dictatorship during the Han and Tang Dynasties was eunuchs＇ control over the army. They might be assigned to be an inspector in the army or to take charge of regiment of guardsman or to act directly as a high official in the army. The author thinks that eunuchs＇ control over the army was characteristic of temporary assignment during East Han Dynasty and during late Tang Dynasty it became gradually systematized, which was peculiar to Tang Dynasty. It was the main reason why those eunuchs caused great damage and later the imperial titles were so easily dethroned or designated.