全球化教育对美国多元文化教育的冲击

On the Challenges of Global Education towards Multicultural Education in America

全球化教育是当今美国高等教育体系的发展重心,它与美国政府竭力提升全球竞争力的国策相契合。全球化教育以培养学生的地球村意识、跨文化意识及人类选择意识为主旨,全球化教育的实施是美国试图向世界其他国家与地区输出其强势文化,以期建立以美国文化为首的大一统文化的过程,这种强调美国文化具有普遍性特征的全球化教育给推崇异质性的多元文化教育带来了巨大冲击。在政治领域,全球化教育力图维护美国的全球话语霸权,与多元文化倡导的分享、平等与对话相悖;在经济领域,全球化教育充分利用了美国的优势地位,使美国教育直奔商品化主题,与多元文化教育倡导的教育应是规范化的社会科学相左;在社会文化领域,全球化教育加快了教育走向虚拟化、电子化的步伐,逐步解构着多元文化教育倡导的个体性、地方性和民族性。全球化教育与多元文化教育的协调发展需处理好普遍性与特殊性、地方主义与全球合作、个人权利与公共责任等多方面的关系。

Global education is the center of American higher education system, which conforms to American governmental policy of enhancing American global competition capability. Global education aims at cultivating student＇s senses of earth village, trans-culture and human choices. Its implement is a process that America tries its best to transport its dominant culture to other countries and regions, so that America will establish a united culture led by her. Global education on the generalization brings great challenges towards multicultural education on the specialization. In the field of politics, global education tries to maintain American language hegemony, which is different from multicultural education based on share, equality and communication. In the field of economy global education makes good use of American advantageous position, which leads education to go straight to the commercialization, while multicultural education advocates education should be a social science.