光电式钢轨磨损实时检测系统

Photoelectric Real-Time Detection System for Rail Abrasion

采用近红外线状光源、CCD及计算机图像处理等技术,实现钢轨磨损检测系统的软硬件设计。应用三圆柱光学透镜联合对一点式激光进行色散,得到光强分布较均匀的线状激光光源。用高分辨率(752×782)CCD面阵摄像机实时采集钢轨扫描图像,经过A/D变换输出给图像处理系统。图像处理系统根据钢轨的形状和特点,选用最佳的模型和计算方案进行图像处理,对照标准钢轨断面图像快速、准确地计算出钢轨面的磨损值,判断钢轨受伤程度。系统在限速80 km.h-1条件下对钢轨断面的实时检测结果表明,系统符合设计要求,精度达到0.1 mm。

The linear light source of the near infrared, CCD technology and computer image processing technology have been applied in the software and hardware implementation of rail abrasion detection system. In order to gain the well-proportioned linear light source of the near infrared, we can disperse the light source of the near infrared by three cylinder of glass material. The real-time image of the rail profile has been acquired by CCD area array video camera with high resolution （752×782）. Then the image outcome is transformed by A/D and exported to image processing system. The system deals with image processing according to the shapes and the characteristics of the rail by choosing the optimal model and numerical procedure. The abrasion value and failure degree of the rail can be obtained accurately and rapidly by comparing the standard rail profile. Under the condition that the train is running at the speed restriction of 80 km·h^-1 , the real time detection results of the rail profile indicate that the system meets the design requirements and the detection precision reaches 0.1 mm.