犬心Marshall韧带及冠状窦的应用解剖

Application anatomy of ligament of Marshall and coronary sinus in dog heart

目的观测犬Marshall韧带(LOM)和冠状窦(CS)肌纤维的解剖结构。方法利用大体解剖方法观测40只犬心的LOM及CS的结构特征并做统计学分析。结果LOM位于左心耳后部左右肺静脉之间,始端连于CS在左心耳后方,向左上肺静脉移行到心包表面。LOM长2.61+0.95cm,宽0.18+0.04cm,与CS夹角为115.81+14.32,距离左心耳上缘0.58+0.52cm;CS长2.84+0.85cm,宽0.43+0.07cm,表面肌桥有3种肌纤维走行,其中环形19例(47.5%),纵形15例(37.5%),斜形6例(15%)。结论犬心LOM和CS上有肌丝走行,其来源及结构与人类相似,但形态有其特异性,可能是引起心房颤动的原因。

Objective To investigate probable cause for focal atrium fibrillation by ligament of Marshall（LOM）and coronary sinus（LS）, cardiac fibers. Methods The characters of LOM and LS of forty hearts in dog were observed and measured by gross anatomical technology. Results The LOM starting from the right external side edge of left atrium appendage, via the left inferior pulmonary vein to the inner surface of pericardium. The length and the width of LOM was 2.61 ± 0.95 crn and 0.18 ± 0.04 crn respectively. The angle between LOM and the coronary sinus was 115.81 ± 14.32°, and the distance between Ligament of Marshall and left atrium was 0.58 ± 0.52 cm. The length and the width of CS was 2.84 ± 0.85 cm, 0.28 ± 0.07 crn respectively. The CS had 3 kinds of muscle fiber to go across, 19 annular cases （of 47.5 % ）, 15 long shape cases （of 37.5 % ）, and 6 diagonal shape cases （of 15 % ） respectively. Conclusion There are a lot of muscle fibers attaching to the surface of LOM and CS, which is similar to human heart in source and structure, but the difference in configuration might be cause of atrium fibrillation.