2000-2002年某综合性医院急诊室伤害监测及其分析

Injury Surveillance and Analysis in the Emergency Room of a General Hospital from 2000 to 2002

目的 了解就诊于急诊室的伤害病人的情况及其伤害事件发生的特点及规律。方法采用统一标准、方法 对在2000-2002年首次就诊于某综合医院的急诊室伤害病人进行统一监测，了解其伤害发生、发展与恢复情况。结果 3年期间共监测11472例受伤害者，其中男女比为2.6：1，意外伤害占总伤害的68．5％。15-44岁为伤害病人分布最多的组段（69．5％）；工人的伤害发生构成比在各职业人群中最高（53.9％）；路上为首位伤害发生地点（40．2％）；头部伤害在发生部位方面占首位（27．9％）；受伤害的人数以周末最多（星期五、六、日3d占到46．0％）；机动车辆交通事故为首位伤害发生原因（38．4％）；交通伤为首位伤害发生类型（38．3％）；最常见的致伤物为机动车辆（66.6％）。对伤害事故发生后院前救护情况分析显示：他人救护占首位（76．6％），其次分别为无人救护（19．3％）、医务人员救护（2.3％）等；在伤害发生性质方面，割破、开放性伤与血管损伤在伤害中占的比例最大（40．3％）。结论 尽管急诊室伤害监测存在一定的局限性，但可为确定主要伤害问题及伤害的高危人群提供基础资料，因此应结合当地实际情况开展急诊室伤害监测，以便确定当地的主要伤害问题，并为当地伤害预防措施的制定提供科学依据。

Objective To understand the conditions of injuried patients in the emergency room （ER） and the characteristics and regulations of the injury events. Methods According to the unified standards and methods, the injured patients visiting ER in a certain hospital at the first time from 2000 to 2002 were monitored, in order to understand the situation of occurrence, development and recovery of injury. Results Totally 11 472 injury patients were detected during three years. The ratio of male to female was 2. 6 to 1, and the accidental injuries accounted for 68.5% of total injured patients. Most of the injured patients were in group aged from 15 to 44, accounting for 69.4%. The constituent ratio of the worker＇s injury was the highest among various occupational groups （53.9%）. The most common sites on injury events were roads （40. 2% ） The head injury was the primary form among the injury parts of the body （27.9%）. Most of the injury events occurred at the weekend （ Friday, Saturday and Sunday totally accounting for 46.0% ）. The motor vehicle traffic accident took the leading place in causative factors （38.4%）. The traffic injury was the first in various injury types （38.3%）, and motor vehicle was the most common thing to cause injury （66.6%）. The analysis of prehospital care of injury showed that the first-aid by passers-by took the first palace （76. 6% ）, followed by no first-aid （ 19.3 % ）, and the first-aid by medical personnel （2. 3 % ）. In terms of the nature of injury, laceration, open wound, and vascular injury accounted for the highest rate （40. 3% ）. Conclusion Although the injury surveillance in ER presents some limitations, it may offer the basic data to determine the main injury problem and the high risk population. Therefore the injury surveillance in ER should be developed in combination of real conditions locally, in order to determine the main injury problem in a local area, and provide scientific basis for establishment of preventive measures.