遗传因素与运动能力发展的关系

Association between genetic factors and the development of motor abilities

目的探讨运动能力的遗传规律、方式、外显度及其在运动员科学选材中的应用。方法采用文献检索、比较分析及经验总结法,从身体形态、生理功能、生化代谢、身体素质和个性特征等方面论述它们的遗传度及其与运动能力的关系。结果人体的运动能力是由遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的结果。遗传决定了运动员运动能力的起点高低,后天训练决定了运动员运动能力的发展水平。在选拔青少年运动员时,除必须充分考虑遗传度、遗传变异和环境因素及其相互影响外,还应做好家族谱系调查和母亲生理变数的相关分析。结论组成运动能力的各种性状是由遗传因素和环境因素共同决定的。科学的运动选材不仅要考虑运动员的体表性状,而且还要考虑其生理功能、生化代谢、身体素质、智力和个性特征等方面的因素。

AIM： To explore the law, types and penetrance of the heredity, and the application in the scientific selection of athletes. METHODS： The relationship between genetic factors and motor abilities on the following aspects： body type, physiological function, Biochemical metabolism, body constitution and personality characteristics by means of document retrieval, comparative analysis and experience summation. RESULTS： Human body＇s physical ability is co-determined by the genetic factors and environmental factors. Heredity determined the athletes＇ starting point level and posteriority training determined the developing degree on the athletes＇ motor abilities. So in the young athletes＇ selection, we should consider the interinBuences between the heredity, heredity variations and the environmental factors carefully, and also should investigate the athletes＇ pedigrees and make a related analysis of their maternal physiological variables. CONCLUSION： Because the different dominant characters of the ath- letes＇ motor abilities were co-determined by the genetic factors and the environmental factors, so in a rigorous scientific athletes selection we should consider athletes＇ body characters, and also about their physiological funetions, bio-chemical metabolism, body constitution, intelligence and personality characteristics.