坐姿理论与座椅设计原则及其应用

The Ergonomics Research of Sitting Posture Theory and Chair Designing Principles

从人机工程学原理讨论了坐姿的优缺点,良好坐姿的必要条件是将最适当的压力分布于各脊椎骨之间的椎间盘上,并将最适当、最均匀的静负荷量分布于所附着的肌肉组织上.运用人体解剖学原理,分析不良坐姿造成的不舒适感和脊椎疾病,用姿势原状恒定原则分析坐姿行为,认为坐姿变化是人体在稳定和变动之间寻求平衡以取得折衷的过程;提出了座椅设计的基本原则及其主要的参考数据,据此对优秀座椅设计范例进行了解析,并说明其各自特色,从而进一步验证了座椅设计的科学依据.

It is a challenge designing task to solve the best sitting posture problem. The advantages and disadvantages of sitting posture were addressed in this paper. It is necessary that the pressure should be well-distributed to intervertebral discs and the static load should be welldistributed to the musculature. In this paper the sitting posture theory is presented in ergonomics, human anatomy and observing of sitting posture. The ill sitting posture was analyzed which could result in discomfort and rachiopathy. It is proposed that the sitting posture is to search for the balance between steady and changing, and is to reach the compromise process, the general principle of chair designing and the reference designing data were given Out. Some examples of typical excellent chair designing were analyzed and the designing data were verified.