一种重要的非金属资源——萤石矿的开发及利用

A kind of important and nonmetal resources——the exploitation and the usage of fluorite ore

萤石又名氟石,为卤族矿物。矿石类型以矿物成分的不同,可分为石英-萤石型、方解石-萤石型、碳酸盐-萤石型、硫化物-萤石型、重晶石-萤石型、硅质岩萤石型。萤石中含有卤族元素氟,是制取含氟化合物的主要原料,又由于熔点低而广泛用于炼钢、有色金属冶炼、水泥、玻璃、陶瓷。我国萤石矿产资源具有以下明显的特点:①储量居世界第一,资源潜力巨大;②萤石储量相对集中;③单一型萤石矿床(点)多,储量少;伴(共)生型矿床(点)数少,储量大;④贫矿多,富矿少;⑤难选矿多, 易选矿少。

Fluorite, one of halogen minerals, CaF2, consists of 51. 1%Ca and 48.9%F. With different types of minerals, fluorite is composed of Quartz-Fluorite type, Calcite-Fluorite type, Carbonate-Fluorite type, Sulfide-Fluorite type, Barite-Fluorite type and Quartzolite-Fluorite type. A halogen element, F, is major raw materials deriving fluorine compound, and because of low melting point, that is widely used in steelmaking, nonferrous metal smelting, cement, glass and ceramics. The fluorite mineral resource of our country has obvious characters as follows： （1） The reserve of fluorite is considered the first in the world and the potential stock is very big. （2） The fluorite reserve is relatived concentrated. （3） The number of unitary type fluorite mineral deposits （occurences） is many. The reserves of those is little; Associated （paragenetic） mineral deposits （occurences） are few. The reserve is big. （4） Poor ores are many. Rich ores are few. （5） The difficult dressing ores are many. The easy dressing ores are few.