从“权利公民”到“责任公民”——当代西方公民教育理念的嬗变

From Citizen of Rights to Citizen of Responsibility

公民既是权利承载者,更是责任承担者。公民资格(citizenship)是公民教育的核心概念,有什么样的公民资格观,就有什么样的公民教育。正统公民资格观是一种作为权利的公民资格观,这种培养“权利公民”的公民资格观过于强调权利而忽略了公民资格所蕴涵的责任。出于国家治理和全球治理的诉求,当代西方公民资格观呈现出一个共同的品质,即关注“责任”,注重“责任公民”的培养。随着由作为权利的公民资格观到作为责任的公民资格观的演进,培养“责任公民”成了当代西方各国公民教育的共同旨趣。

A citizen is an undertaker of both rights and responsibilities. Citizenship is the core concept of the citizenship education. The goal and the content of citizenship education depend on the view of citizenship. The classical view of citizenship is the citizenship of rights, which overemphasizes rights but overlooks responsibilities. For the sake of national governance and global governance, the contemporary western view of citizenship has manifested a common quality of stressing “responsibility” and emphasizing the cultivation of “citizen of responsibilities”. With the transformation from a view of citizenship of rights to the view of citizenship of responsibilities, the cultivation of citizens of responsibilities has become the common objective of citizenship education in contemporary westem countries.