清人词体发生诸说检讨

A Critique of the Genesis of the Literary Genre of ci-poetry in the Qing Dynasty

清人根据各自对词体特性的认识展开对词体发生问题的探究与解说。从“学”而言,清人大体上将词体发生时间定在盛唐至五代,并认为词体由诗与乐府衍变而来。关于词体生成方式,清人主要有“文体代嬗”与“音律递变”两种观点,其中以“音律递变论”为主流观点。从“术”而言,清人探究词体发生问题的着眼点主要在文体和音乐两个向度。在具体问题的论述上,清人注重文献实证,同时又能对不同视角的观点博观约取、汲异补正,显示出崇尚实证的学术路径与包容通变的学术思想。

From the view of learning, people in the Qing Dynasty generally considered the period from the flourishing Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties as the time of the genesis the literary genre of ci-poetry. They also showed the idea that ci evolved gradually from poetry and yuefu songs. About how the literary genre of ci-poetry came into being, there were two major viewpoints described as “natural evolvement of style” and “gradual change of temperament”. From the view of method, they laid the emphasis mostly on two directions： style and music. The Qing people could not only pay attention to the documentary research but absorb different kinds of opinions comprehensively to supplement and correct their points.