小麦/小麦秆锈菌亲和性互作的组织病理学及超微结构研究

Histological and Ultrastructural Characters of Development of Puccinia gramminis f.sp.tritici in a Susceptible Host

利用化学显微技术和生物电镜技术,系统地研究了小麦秆锈菌在感病寄主上发育过程的组织学及超微结构特征。结果表明:小麦秆锈菌的发育过程可分为几个明显的阶段:孢子萌发和芽管形成,附着胞的形成和气孔下囊的分化,初生侵染菌丝和次生侵染菌丝的形成和生长,吸器母细胞和吸器的形成,夏孢子床和夏孢子堆的产生。小麦秆锈菌菌丝沿着细胞壁生长和蔓延,菌丝顶端细胞原生质稠密,代谢旺盛;吸器母细胞形成在细胞壁周围,吸器产生在细胞里面,呈指状,吸器外围和细胞膜区域有吸器外间质的存在。小麦秆锈菌发育早期,小麦细胞一直保持正常;而在发育后期,小麦细胞发生了质壁分离,叶绿体片层受到破坏。

With the use of chemistry and electron microscopy, the histological and the ultrastructural characters of development of Puccinia gramminis f.sp. tritici on a susceptible host were studied. Several development stages were partitioned in this research, including germination of urediospores and formation of a series of infection structures, such as germ tubes, appressoria, stomatal vesicles, primary and secondary hyphae, haustorial mother cells （HMC） and haustoria, finally the production of uredinial beds, uredinia and urediospores. The hyphae grew around the cell wall of wheat, and the tip of hyphae was bigger than other parts. There was more protoplasm in it. HMC formed around the cell wall and haustoria formed in the cells, but both of them did not disrupt the cell membrane. There existed extrahaustorial matrix between the haustoria and host cell membrane. The wheat cells grew normally in the early stage of infection. But in the end stage, plasmolysis was founded and the chloroplast thylakoids was destroyed.