长期施肥对棕壤主要养分生物有效性的影响

Effects of Long-term Application of Fertilizers on Bioavailability of Some Nutrients in Brown Earth

本试验在沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院棕壤肥料长期定位试验微区内进行,对长期不同施肥处理条件下玉米不同生育时期土壤养分状况进行了监测,并对不同施肥处理玉米养分吸收量、产量进行分析比较。结果表明:与对照相比,长期施肥尤其是长期施用有机肥,土壤全氮、全磷、有机质均有显著增加。土壤碱解氮、速磷、速钾在玉米拔节期呈现最大值,之后逐渐降低,至玉米灌浆期过后趋于平稳。玉米产量与生物量均以M2N1P处理为最高,CK处理最低。相关分析表明,玉米N、P吸收量与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速磷显著或极显著相关,玉米吸钾量与土壤养分相关性不显著,而与玉米N、P吸收量极显著相关。玉米产量及生物量与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速磷相关性达极显著或显著相关。

The experiment was conducted on brown earth in the long-term located fertilization plots of Shenyang Agricultural University. The results showed that, compared with the control （CK）, long-term fertilization, especially with manure, increased the soil total N, total P and organic matter contents significantly. Soil alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P and K contents were the highest in the corn jointing stage, but decreased gradually afterwards. The contents became steady after the corn filling period. The maximum corn economic and biological yield was obtained in the application of M2NIP, the minimum in CK. Significant correlations were found among N and P absorption by corn and soil organic matter content, total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N, total P, and available P. While K absorption by corn had no correlation with the soil nutrients but significant with N and P absorption. Corn economic yield and biological yield were significantly related with soil organic matter, total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N, total P, and availabl P.