关于审理姓名权案件的几个问题

On Some Problems of Inquiring Right of Personal rlame

姓名是用以确定和代表个体自然人并与其他自然人相区别的文字符号和标记,是自然人姓名权的客体。姓名在法律上使一个自然人与其他自然人区别开来,在一定意义上姓名是主体存在的标志,也是自然人从事民事活动,行使法律赋予的各种权利和承担相应义务的前提条件。对姓名权的民法保护,就是认定侵害姓名权的行为为侵权行为,责令行为人承担侵权民事责任。姓名权纠纷是一种富有挑战性的案件,依据我国目前的法律、法规进行审理依据不足,而且同类案件不同地区甚至不同法院审理结果不一,由此造成诸多不良社会影响,严重影响了司法公正。为此,作者结合实践,对姓名权的法律特征、侵害姓名权的构成要件、几种特殊侵害姓名权、承担侵害姓名权的民事责任方式等问题进行探讨,以期通过统一认识,达到同类案件不同法院审理结果一致之目的。

Name is a literal sign or mark which is used for identifying and standing for individual natural person and distinguishing from other natural persons, and it＇ s an object of natural person＇s name right, legally name distinguishes are natural person from others. In a sense, it＇ s the sign of subject＇ s existance, and the premise for the natural person to do civil activity and fulfiU his rights and obligation which are endued by law. To civilly protect the name is to identify the action of infracting name right as delict, and charge the actor to undertake civil respemibility. The dispute of name right is a case of challenge. There will be a different result in different districr or court,which causes blight to society,and seriously affects justice. So associating with practice, the author discusses on the legal characteristic of name right, the important factors of infracting name right, some special infracting name right cases, and the ways of undertaking civil responsibility, etc. Looking forwards to get an agreement which can bring a same result of the same case in different district or court.