植物组织培养中细胞凋亡的初步研究

The Tentative Study of Apoptosis in Plant Tissue Culture

细胞凋亡是指由基因控制的、细胞遵循自身程序,主动结束生命的过程。现在,许多检测细胞凋亡的方法已经建立,还发现了许多凋亡相关基因和蛋白,并基本阐明了凋亡信号的转导途径。但这些成果多来自对动物的研究。本实验旨在培养愈伤组织,利用紫外线(UV)和过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导愈伤组织的细胞凋亡,通过苯酚品红染色观察,对植物愈伤组织细胞在凋亡过程中的形态变化(主要是细胞核的形态变化)进行初步的研究。结果显示:植物愈伤组织细胞凋亡的初期,染色质断裂、聚缩,并趋向贴附于核膜;中期,细胞核膨大、破裂;晚期,出现凋亡小体。另外,UV对植物愈伤组织诱导的效果比H2O2更好。

Apoptosis is a gene-controlled process in which cells terminate themselves through their own programs. Now, a number of methods for testing out apoptosis have already been invented. And many apoptosis concerned genes and proteins have been found, also the pathway of apoptotic signals transduction has become clear to us. But almost all of the progresses came from the studies on animal cells. In this experiment, first, the calluses were cultivated from the leaves of ilex purpurea. Then, the calluses were in- duced to apoptosis by ultraviolet light （UV） and hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）. At last, coloured by carbol fuchsin, the structural changes of the callus-cells which were in the process of apoptosis were studied tentatively （mainly about the changes of nuclei）. Result is as follows： in the early stage of apoptosis, the chromatins parted, bunched, and had a tendency to attach the nuclear membrane; in the middle stage, the nuclei expanded and then ruptured; in the late stage, the apoptotic bodies were found. In addition, for the effect of inducing calluses, UV was better than H2O2.