环芃烷衍生物的结构与旋光方向间的关系

Relationship Between the Optical Rotatory Direction and Structure of the Cyclophane Derivatives

螺旋理论认为,几乎所有的有机化合物结构中都存在螺旋,螺旋结构是导致旋光性的根本原因.左手螺旋左旋;右手螺旋右旋.化合物的总旋光方向是由分子结构中所有螺旋旋光度的代数和所决定.各种不同类型的化合物都遵从该理论.光学活性的环烷结构特殊,变化也很大.这类化合物构型规定中的P,M螺旋(plus or minus helix),不是唯一的螺旋,也不一定都是旋光贡献最大的螺旋,应对其进行具体分析.只要仔细分析每一个化合物结构中存在的螺旋,就会发现,它们和其他类型的光学活性化合物一样,都遵从螺旋理论的规律.由化合物的绝对构型,可以预测其旋光方向;反之,由旋光方向可以推断其绝对构型.

According to the helix theory, in almost all structures of organic compounds exist helices. The helix structure is the basic reason of the molecular optical rotation. A left-hand helix will result in left rotation of the plane polarized light and a right-hand helix will result in right rotation of the plane polarized light. The total molecular optical rotatory power （and direction） depends on the algebraic sum of rotations of all helices existed in the molecular structure. Optical active cyclophane derivatives have special structures and can have a variety of changes. In this type of compound, designated P, M helix （plus or mines helix） is not the only helix existing in the molecule, even is not the helix which has the most substantial contribution to the optical rotation, so some particular analysis should be carried out. After carefully analyzing every helix existing in the structure, we can find their optical rotation behavior is similar to the behavior of all other kinds of optical active organic compounds, and comply well with those rules based on the helix theory. Thus, their optical rotation direction from the absolute configuration can be predicted. Conversely, their absolute configuration can be deduced from the optical rotation direction.