高粱籽粒品质的遗传改良

Genetic Improvement of Grain Quality In Sorghum

与高粱发育性状、产量性状相比较，揭示了品质性状的遗传特点。着重研究了籽粒角质率、单宁、蛋白质及其组分，淀粉及其组分的遗传。分析了它们的资源变异性与利用潜势，遗传表现与基因效应，杂种优势与配合力，遗传率与遗传相关以及遗传与环境的互作。根据所得结论。

The heritability, genetic correlation, gene effects, combining ability and heterosis of quality traits in Sorghum were studied. The results indicated that: (1) Heritability of tannin content was highes than that of protein and lysine content. The genotype × environment interaction was significant in 5% level for protein Content, indicated that, protein content was sensitive to environment. (2) Prolamin has the highest percentage and variance ratio and the lowest heritability among all of 4 components of Sorghum grain protein. Nitrogenous fertilizer application can increase protein by 15～30%. The heterosis values of 4 protein components are all negative, the negative heterosis of globulin is quite strong. (3) The gca and sca for percent of crude protein, albumin, globulin, glutelin, prolamin and lysine were all significant at 1% or 5% level, and were therefore controlled by both additive and non-additive gene effect, but the effect of the additive was much more important than the non-additive. There were partial dominance with crude protein and albumin contents, complete dominance with globulin content, over dominance with glutelin. (4) The correlation of the prolamin content with crude protein content was significant, the prolamin ratio increasing necessarity leads to protein quality reduce. (5) The inheritance of both amylose and amylopectin content agreed with additive-dominant model. Both additive and dominant effects of the genes played important roles on the two starch traits, but the former was more important than the later. The frequency of recessive genes was higher than that of dominant genes in the two starch traits. (6) As the results above, the methods of sorghum quality improvement were developed.